Listening as Respect
The Master said, 'Listen widely and set aside what is doubtful; speak cautiously about the rest, and you will make few errors.'
Confucius offers practical counsel to Zizhang on how to avoid mistakes in speech and conduct. The key verb is 聞 (wén): to listen, to hear, to take in. Before one speaks at all, one should listen broadly, acknowledge uncertainty, and only then speak with care. Listening here is not passive—it is the active, humble groundwork for wise speech.